Escuela

Alt Codes for typing Spanish characters:

Capitals Á ALT + 0193 É ALT + 0201 Í ALT + 0205 Ó ALT + 0211 Ú ALT + 0218 Ñ ALT + 0209 Ü ALT + 0220

Lowercase á ALT + 0225 é ALT + 0233 í ALT + 0237 ó ALT + 0243 ú ALT + 0250 ñ ALT + 0241 ü ALT + 0252

Punctuation ¿ ALT + 0191 ¡ ALT + 0161 « ALT + 0171 (Left Angle Quote) » ALT + 0187 (Right Angle Quote) € ALT + 0128

Los Verbos Regulars

-ar ayudar to help bailar to dance besar to kiss buscar to look for caminar to walk comprar to buy conversar to converse enseñar to teach escuchar to listen estudiar to study hablar to speak llegar to arrive mirar to look at nadar to swim necesitar to need preparar to prepare regresar to return tomar to take; to drink trabajar to work viajar to travel

-er aprender to learn beber to drink comer to eat creer to believe leer to read vender to sell comprender to understand

-ir abrir to open asistir to attend decidir to decide escribir to write recibir to receive vivir to live

Las Conjugacións

-ar Singular yo -o tú -as él/ella/usted -a Plural nosotros -amos ellos/ellas/ustedes -an

-er Singular yo -o tú -es él/ella/usted -e Plural nosotros -emos ellos/ellas/ustedes -en

-ir Singular yo -o tú -es él/ella/usted -e Plural nosotros -imos ellos/ellas/ustedes -en

Mathematical Symbols

Fractions ¼ ALT + 0188 ½ ALT + 0189 ¾ ALT + 0190	Exponents ± ALT + 241 √ ALT + 251 ⁿ ALT + 252 ¹ ALT + 0185 ² ALT + 0178 ³ ALT + 0179	Inequality ≈ ALT + 247 < ALT + 60 > ALT + 62 ≥ ALT + 242 ≤ ALT + 243	Greek Symbols π ALT + 227 Σ ALT + 228 µ ALT + 230 δ ALT + 235 ⌂ ALT + 127
Sundry ∞ ALT + 236 ∩ ALT + 239 ° ALT + 248

Formulas:

Lines General Form ax + by = c Point Slope y – y1 = m (x – x1) Slope Intercept y = mx + b

Circles Standard Form (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 General Form x2 + y2 + ax + by + c = 0

More Formulas:

Stuff d (P1, P2) d = √((x2 – x1)2 + (y2 – y1)2) Midpoint (Mx = (X1 + X2) / 2 , My = (Y1 + Y2) / 2) Slope or Average Rate of Change (A.R.M.) m = ⌂y / ⌂x OR m = rise / run OR m = (y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1) Difference Quotient: Slope in function notation m = ⌂y / ⌂x OR m = (f(x + h) – f(x))/h OR m = (y2 – y1) / (x2 – x1)

Completing the square:

Stuff Given x2 + bx + c = 0 Move Constant to RHS: x2 + bx = -c Find (b/2)2 and add to both sides: x2 + bx + (b/2)2 = -c + (b/2)2 This is now a perfect Square Trinomial: Factor it. (x +b/2)2 = -c + (b/2)2 Example: x2 + y2 – 6x + 2y + 9 = 0 Move Constant to RHS: x2 – 6x + ___ + y2 + 2y + ___= -9 + ___ + ___ Find (b/2)2… x –> (b/2)2 = (-6/2)2 = (-3)2 = 9 y –> (b/2)2 = (2/2)2 = (1)2 = 1 …and add to both sides: x2 – 6x + 9 + y2 + 2y + 1 = -9 + 9 + 1 This is now two perfect Square Trinomials: Factor them. (x – 3)2 + (y + 1)2 = 1

Important Ions

Type I Monatomic Cations H+ Li+ Be2+ Na+ Mg2+ K+ Ca2+ Rb+ Sr2+ Cs+ Ba2+ Fr+ Ra2+ Ag+ Zn2+ Al3+ Cd2+ Ga3+

Monatomic Anions H- N3- O2- F- P3- S2- Cl- Br- I- At-

What happens when you start throwing Hydrogen ions (protons) at the right side of the Periodic Table: H+ + H- —> H2 Hydrogen Gas H+ + F- —> HF Hydrofluoric Acid H+ + Cl- —> HCl Hydrochloric Acid H+ + Br- —> HBr Hydrobromic Acid H+ + I- —> HI Hydroiodic Acid H+ + At- —> HAt Hydroastatic Acid 2H+ + O2- —> H2O Water 2H+ + S2- —> H2S Hydrogen Sulfide 3H+ + N3- —> NH3 Ammonia 3H+ + P3- —> PH3 Phosphine

Type II Monatomic Cations Hg22+ Mercury (I) Hg2+ Mercury (II) Cu+ Copper (I) Cu2+ Copper (II) Cr2+ Chromium (II) Cr3+ Chromium (III) Mn2+ Manganese (II) Mn3+ Manganese (III) Fe2+ Iron (II) Fe3+ Iron (III) Co2+ Cobalt (II) Co3+ Cobalt (III) Pb2+ Lead (II) Pb4+ Lead (IV) Sn2+ Tin (II) Sn4+ Tin (IV) Tl+ Thallium (I) Tl2+ Thallium (II) Tl3+ Thallium (III)

Polyatomic Anions Carbons and Acids HCO2- Formate HCOOH Formic Acid CO32- Carbonate HCO3- Hydrogen Carbonate H2CO3 Carbonic Acid C2H3O2- Acetate CH3COOH Acetic Acid C2O42- Oxalate HC2O4- Hydrogen Oxalate HOOCCOOH Oxalic Acid C6H5CO2- Benzoate C6H5COOH Benzoic Acid Chlorates and Acids ClO- Hypochlorite HClO Hypochlorous Acid ClO2- Chlorite HClO2 Chlorous Acid ClO3- Chlorate HClO3 Chloric Acid ClO4- Perchlorate HClO4 Perchloric Acid Nitrates and Acids* NO2- Nitrite HNO2 Nitrous Acid NO3- Nitrate HNO3 Nitric Acid *Chlorates, Nitrates, Bromates, and Iodates all pretty much follow the same pattern. Chromates and Acids CrO42- Chromate HCrO4- Hydrogen Chromate H2CrO4 Chromic Acid Cr2O72- Dichromate HCr2O7- Hydrogen Dichromate H2Cr2O7 Dichromic Acid Phosphates and Acids PO43- Phosphate HPO42- H2PO4- Hydrogen Phosphate Dihydrogen Phosphate H3PO4 Phosphoric Acid Sulfates and Acids SO32- Sulfite HSO3- Hydrogen Sulfite H2SO3 Sulfurous Acid SO42- Sulfate HSO4- Hydrogen Sulfate H2SO4 Sulfuric Acid S2O32- Thiosulfate

Sundry and Misc. OH- Hydroxide O22- Peroxide CN- Cyanide SCN- Thiocyanate MnO4- Permanganate N3- Azide NH4+ Ammonium CH3NH3+ Methylammonium